Valve mechanism for internal-combustion engines



Sept. 22., 1925. 1,554,810

J. l. GEMMILL VALVE` IECHANIS FOR INTERNAL COIBUSTION ENGINES Filed Jan. 31. 1924 2 sheets-sneer 1 gnven To@` Jamw Gunnar/'ZZ sq. 2z, 1,925.

1,554,810 J. l. GEMMILL VALVE IEQHANISII FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION, ENGINES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 51. 1924 annunci,

Patented Sept. 22, 1925.

UNITED STATES 1,554,310 PATENT oFFlcE.

JAMES I. GEMMILL, OF PONTIAC, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T A.

. LUDIJOW, 0F PONTIAC, MICHIGAN.

'VALVE MECHANISM FO'R INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application mea January 31, 1924.. serial No. 689,730.

To ZZ whom t may concern.'

`.Be it known that I, JAMES I. GEMMILL, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Pontiac, in the county of Oakland and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Valve Mechanism for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specifica- -tion.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in valve mechanism for internal combustion engines.

The primary objectof the invention is to provide a system of valves of the above mentioned type which are positively operated through all of their cycles `of motion with reference to the rotation of the main rotating member of said engine and without springs or other returning agency as is com- 0 mon in other mechanisms of like kind A further object of the invention is to provide a valve and operating mechanism that may be thoroughly lubricated, highly eiiicient and actually noiseless.

A further object ofthe invention-is to provide fuel passages ofxgenerous capacity which are at all times filled with fuel. and are completely surrounded by a hot water jacket which receives its supply of hot water from the water jacket' surrounding the power cylinders, thereby assuring a warm, dry charge of explosive mixture.

Other objects and advantages of the in-- vention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanyingv drawing forming a part of this specification and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same, Y

Figurel is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, of an internal combustion engine and shows more clearly the inlet and exhaust valves and the mechanism employed for, operating the same, and Figure 2 is a side elevational view, partly broken away, of the engine illustrated in section in Fig. 1.

In the drawing wherein for the purpose of illustration is s own a preferred embodiment of the invention, the numeral 5 designates a crank case of any usual form and having mounted thereon a lcylinder block 6 having a power cylinder 7 formed therein which is open at each end and communicates with the crank case 5 at its'lower end. Formed in the cylinder block 6' and surrounding the'power cylinder 7` is a water jacket 8 which is open at its u per end. Mounted upon the upper en of the cylinder block 6 and suitably secured thereto is a two-part cylinder head, there being provided a suitable gasket 9 between the two-part cylinderr head and the upper end of the cylinder block 6 for the well known purpose of preventing the escape of the cooling medium and compression.

This two-part cylinder head `consists primarily of a-lower part 10 which is formed` by a suitable casting operation and an inverted pan-shaped upper part 11. Tubular connecting bolts 12, having screw threads formed on each end thereof, are suitably con'- nected, as at 13, to the lower part 10 and extend upwardly through the upper inverted pan-shaped part 11 and projects slightly outwardly from the upper surface thereof for the purpose of recelving the compression nuts 1.4. It will be seen that these tubular\ connecting bolts 12 provides means for separably connecting the two parts of the cylinderhead. It is to lloe understood that any suitable means may be employed for pre venting leakage between the points of connection of the twoi arts of thecylinder head.

It will be seen, y vinspecting Fig. l, that the cast lower part 10 of vthe cylinder head is formed with a substantially inverted cupshaped pocket or recess 15 in its lower face that. is located in axial alinement with a. power cylinder 7 formed in the cylinder block 6 and acts as an extension of the same, it being understood that each cylinder is formed in the same manner. Positioned directly above this inverted cup-shaped pocket or recess 15 is a relatively Small chamber 16 which communicates with the said pocket or recess 15 and the power cylinder 7 through a throat or restricted passageway 17. JThis chamber 16 will be referred to, from now on, as the explosion chamber. Formed in the inner part 10 or the cylinder head' directly above the explosion chamber 16 is a well 18 which is positioned in axial alinement with the bore vof the tubular connecting bolt 12. An internally screw-threaded passageway 19 connects the well 18 andthe explosion chamber ,16 and is adapted for receiving .the vexternally threaded bushing of the spark plug 20. It will be seen by this arrangement that the electrodes of the :spark plug 20 are positioned within the explosion-11 chamber 16 and that the said spark plug may be4 properly positioned as shown by employing the bore of the tubular connecting bolt 12 and by utilizing a suitable tool in the form of a tubular socket wrench. The bore of the tubular bolt 12 also may be employed for receiving an ignition wire connected to the spark plug 20.

Positioned laterally on opposite sides of the explosion 'chamber 16 and well 18 are the valve cyhnders 21. and 22, the valve cylinder 22 being termed the inlet valve cylinder and the cylinder 21 being termed the exhaust valve cylinder. Passageways 23 and 24 are formed in the lower cylinder head part for connecting the exhaust valve cylinder 21 and the in-let valve cylinder 22 with the explosionchaniber 16. It will be noted that these passageways 23 and 24 are arranged substantially midway of the length of the valve cylinders 21 and 22. An inlet passageway 26 is also formed in the lower part 10 of the cylinder head and forms means for the admission of fuel into 'the inlet valve cylinder 22. An exhaust passageway 25 is formed in the opposite side of the lower part 10 and provides means for permitting the exhausting of the ex loded gases from the exhaust valve cylin er 21. It will be noted that the inlet 'and exhaust Vpassages 26 and 25 are arranged at the lower ends of the inlet and exhaust valve cylinders 22 and 21 respectively.

Positioned within the inverted pan-shaped upper part 11 of the cylinder head and extending horizontally adjacent opposite side Walls of the same are the crank shafts 27 and 28 which are arranged in vertical alinement with the axes of the valve cylinders 21 and 22. It is to be understood that these crank shafts 27 and 28 may be suitably journaled in the upper part 11 or journaled in suitable brackets ZJ carried by the upper face. of the lower cylinderhead part 10. The crankshaft-s 'p27 and 28 are provided with crank portions 29 which are operatively connected to the pitmans 30 which in turn are connected to the vertically reciprocating piston valves 31 and 32. It will be seen by this arrangement that the rotation of the crank shafts 27 and 28will cause the piston valves 31 and 32 respectively to reciprocate within the valve cylinders 21 and 22 for opening and closing the passages-23, 24, 25 and 26 for controlling the inlet of fuel and the exhausting of exploded gases to and from the ex losion chamber 16. There is positioned wit in the upper inverted pan-shapedcylinder head art 11 an additional shaft 33 which exten 's horizontally and is arranged slightl above andbetween the crank shafts 27 an 28. It is to be understood that this shaft 33 does not extend all the Way through the upper art 11, but terminates short of the rst tuular connecting bolt 12. This shaft may be suitably journaled in a. depending bracket carried by the 'upper wall of the inverted pan-shaped part 11, or the front bracket b and additional bracket c. This shaft 33 is intended to project outwardly of the front end of the casting 10 and cylinder block 6 for the purpose of being connected to a suitable source of power which will be described at a later point. Suitably keyed to this stub shaft 33 is a pinion 34 which is `constantly in mesh with gears 35 and 36 which are suitably keyed to the crankshafts 27 and 28 respectively. It will now be seen that when the intermediate stub shaft 33 is driven, the crank shafts 27 and 28 will also be driven.

Positioned within the crank case 5 is the usual crank shaft 37 having crank portions to which the pitmans 38 are connected. The upper' end of these pitmans 38 are suitably connected to the power pistons 39, as shown.

A suitable mechanism for driving the intermediate stub shaft 33 may be suggested' Vas consisting of a sprocket gear '44 mounted Iupon the projecting end of the main crank shaft 37 and a sprocket gear 45 mounted. upon the projecting end of the stub shaft 33 with a sprocket chain 46 operatively connecting the saine. .With such a mechanism, it will be seen that the piston valves 31 and 32 may be properly operated in unison with tihe main crank shaft437 and that all of the said operative, movable parts will be ositively cpnnected. j

l e water jacket 8 surrounding the power cylinder 7 was previously referred to as being open at its upper end. The lower part 10 of kthe cylinder' head is provided with a water jacket 40 which surrounds the explosion chamber 16, the valve cylinders'21 and 22,-the passages 23 to 26, and the throat- 17. This water jacket 40 communicates, as at 41, with. the water yjacket 8 and is intended to receive the water that has been heated, While cooling the cylinder block 6. 1t will be seen that they presence of heated Water in t-he 4Water jacket 40 will greatly aid in heating thel incoming fuel and the explosion chamber 16 and will thereby vassure the feeding of warm, dry, explosive mixtures to the explosion ehainfber 16.

For the purpose of lubricating the valves 31 and 32 and their operating mechanism, a pipe 42- is provided which extends from the interior fof the inverted pan-shaped upper part 11 of the cylinder head to an oil pump 47 which .is driven by a sha-ft 48 crank case 5. Witl this arrangement of elements, the piston valves 31 and 32, the crank shafts 27 and 28, the pitmans 30, the pinion 34, and the gears 35 and 36 will be constant-ly lubricated.

In view ofthe fact that the explosion chamber 16 and restricted passage or throat 17, between such chamber and the power cylinder, constitute exceptionally novel structure, it is believed advisable to set -forth the utility of this arrangement of elements. The provision of the inverted cup-shaped pocket or recess 15 as an extension of the power cylinder 7, and the combustion chamber 16, are for the purpose of providing an unusually large compression area. The purpose of employing such a large compression area is that 1 intend 'to use a super-charger or explosive mixture compressor as suggested by my co-pending application, Serial No. 688,114, filed January 23, 1924. This application involves a compressor that is adapted to be interposed betweena combustion engine and a carbureter for delivering fuel to the intake valves under a greaterpressure than the atmospheric pressure produced by the suction of the pistons within the engine. By employing such a. compressor in combination with the elements designated as 7, 15, 16, and 17, the actual content of explosive gas present in the power cylinder, or in opera-tive communication therewith, at the end of the suction or intake stroke of a power piston will be considerably greater than it would, with 'the engine at lngh speed, were sucha combination not used. v

The restricted passage 17 is for the purpose of creating atomic turbulence of the-gas content in the explosion chamber 16 during all of the compression stroke, up to the time of firing and directing such turbulence action, in its greatest intensity, toward the spark plug, used as a means of firing. It is my claim that this will permit of complete combustion and an even flame and thereby increase the impact of explosion against the head of the power piston.

It is now believed that the construction and operation of the various elements embodied in this invention will be completely understood without any further explanation 'of the same.

It is to be understood that the form of this invention .herewith shown and described is to be taken as the preferred example of the same, and that various changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of` parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

Having thus described the invention, I claim rt 1. In a device of the class described, the combination with a power cylinder, of a 2. In a device of the class described, the i combination with a power cylinder, of a cylinder head 'carried thereby, an explosion chamber in said head above -said power cylinder` a restricted open passageway between said power cylinder and said explosion chamber, a valve cylinder positioned on each side of said explosion chamber, passageways between each of said valve cylinders and said explosion chamber, a passageway leading outwardly of said cylinder head for each of said valve cylinders, and a valve in each of said valve cylinders for opening and cl0s ing the passageways associa-ted therewith.

3. In a device of the class described, the combination with a power cylinder, of a cylinder head mounted thereon, an explosion chamber in the cylinder head directly above thepower cylinder, a restricted passage between the explosion chamber and the power cylinder, a valve cylinder positioned laterally on each side of said explosion chamber, a passage between each of said valve cylindels and said explosion chamber, a passage leading outwardly 4of said cylinder head from each of said valve cylinders, a water jacket surrounding said power c linder, and a water jacket in the cylinder ead surrounding" the explosion chamber, valve cylinders, and passages and `communicating with the 'water jacket surrounding the power cylinder.`

4. In an internal combustion engine, an explosion chamber, a pair of vertically extending diametrically opposed valve cylinders associated with said explosion chamber,

.a separate passageway between each valve cylinder and the explosion chamber posiA tioned between the ends of said cylinders, a passageway leading outwardly from the lower end of each valve cylinder a piston valve in each cylinder adapted to close the passageways associated therewith, a power cylinder, and a restrictedv passage between the explosion chamber and the power cylinder thru which the exploded and unexploded gases pass to and from the power cylinder. 5. In a device of the class described, the combination with a cylinder block of a `cylinder head carried thereby, said cylinder head comprising a cast lower part and an inverted pan-shaped upper part, pisto-n valves reciprocally mounted in the lower part,

valve operating mechanism in the upper.l part, means for connecting the said valvesV with said mechanism, igniting means carried by the lower part, and a tubular bolt separably connecting said art and positioned with the bore of said bo t axially alined with said igniting means for permitting an' electric wlre to beconnected to the latter.

6. The combination with a cylinder block of a cylinder head carried thereby, said cylinder head comprising a cast lower part and an `inverted pan-shaped upper partypiston valves reciprocally mounted in the lower part, Valve operating mechanism in the Aupper part. means for connecting said valves with said mechanism, and means for separa-v bly connecting said cylinder head parts.

.7. In a device of the class described, a cylinder block, a cylinder head carried thereby and comprising upper. and lower parts,

an explosion chamber in the lower part, a

means threaded in said passageway and projeoting into said well, and a tubular bolt connecting the upper part of the cylinderhead to the lowerpart and having its bore communicating with said well tovpermit an electric wire to be 'connected to the igniting means.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

, JAMES I. GEMMILL. 

